early Russian intervention, the clerks of the allies had tried to convince the Tsar to accept the cooperation in the war, without success. Until July of 1808 the Russian situation remained ambiguous. In that month
Kutuzov ended the occupation of northern Prussia, Hungarians and Turks of South Prussia. Not having the authority with which formalize the occupation, the military regime was established.
was also made clear the position of the Russian empire had not entered the war in support of Granada, France, Hungary and the Ottomans, but to fight the sphere of influence given by SRI and Sweden and to avoid that if it was to create a coalition. Therefore, he was asked to leave East Prussia. With the predictable "no", the Russian general Dokhturov attacked with 57,000 new staff first Hungarians, beating them to Skwierzyna and then fell on the Ottomans, to Zawodzie. At the same time, Kutuzov invaded Holstein and Mecklenburg, bring down regimes.
then moves in Jutland, where he defeated the new expeditionary force, was not able to invade or Fyn or the other islands because of the Swedish fleet.
retraced his steps after placing men in the strongholds, to face the French and grenadine. The first to meet the sergeant were Churrisque and Berthier, whose forces were first divided and then defeated. Soult and Nasr was then the next, but you knew that Kutuzov was looking for the decisive battle and would have won, and easily found, considering the conditions in which their troops were: most of them alternates between garrisons and campaigns for the past three years, the supply lines were always thin and unstable, while Kutuzov had his troops fresh, strong, regardless of the weather and supplies. It was decided to retire. The army and residual Berthier Polish Legion slowed to cross the Elbe at the head of the Russians long enough to replace the deposits of the various armies. The decision was made to go on the defensive and abandon the Hanover and Saxony, pending military machinery resumption to work well. Grouchy had to leave town in the Netherlands only the local troops on the borders and position of the Batavian Republic.
Eastern theaters until June 1809
Defeated in Prussia and Silesia, the Ottomans and Hungarians returned to Bohemia. Adolfo d'Este in September was forced to return to Italy, being the ruler died, his brother Antonio. Also in September, Dokhturov defeated the Ottomans in the territory and penetrated almost to Prague, but was stopped by a hasty retreat of the Hungarians, who induced him to go back.
In November the Swedes landed in Narva and resumed, but without being able to go further. The Swedish fleet defeated just before the Russian blockade of ports due to the ice. In March 1809 61000
Russian troops invaded the Balkans and other 30,000 Ottoman Hungary. The Hungarian troops were able almost immediately to repel the invaders, but the general arrived to besiege Kryuzev Constanta, before being forced to retire. In February, however
Cossacks invaded the Transcaucasian territories the Ottomans. They were beaten by the great army Kalmyk, comprising almost 100,000 staff. After this victory, the Sultan crossed out the limits on Kalmucks for the celebration of Buddhist rites.
campaign Friesland
also Kutuzov had to stop for a few weeks. On September 4, resumed the offensive, dividend his forces in two. Kept it to himself and put 50,000 soldiers under the command of the remaining 20,000 Tormasov. The order was to invade Friesland Tormasov to diverge and the enemy forces, allowing a pincer movement of the main force.
Tormasov taken aback Grouchy attacking Groningen. Conquered the city, and a little defense to Beilen, where the French were gathering. Tormasov managed to divide the strength of Grouchy, attracting up to the division of Falze Opsterland pretending a pincer movement, while the entire Russian force that he found himself against the French commander. Annihilated the division, making her escape to the west, and headed for Grouchy, still waiting for the main attack from the north. While maintaining the numerical superiority, Grouchy was unable to oppose the Russian cavalry and September 26 Beilen cleared out, leaving the field about three thousand five hundred men against the Russians.
Despite the important victory in Beilen, Tormasov was always outnumbered, so much so that had to be sent reinforcements to control a thousand Groningen. Grouchy called
5000 Republican soldiers and while he returned to Zwolle. Tormasov instead he found the support of the Dutch monarchy hoped, since most had already fled to England. On 2 October, with contemporeanea Kutuzov went on the offensive and met again with Grouchy. The first skirmish came at the village of Ten Arlo, were followed by clashes between hussars and artillery horse Echten. A De Stüwe the Russians were slowed down by division and by the Dutch Limburg cuirassiers French, the battle developed between the various countries and the Russians were always able to repulse the French attacks, despite significant losses. At sunset, leaving Grouchy Tormasov retired master of the field, but unable to pursue him. Grouchy
Tormasov tried to break in mid-November, attacking at Assen, but his demoralized men were unable to win the Russian defense and there was nothing.
campaign
Kutuzov Kutuzov was more successful: the accomplice disporsione French forces, attacked surprising strength in Bramsche Berthier and annihilation. It then moves to the east, engulfing the rest of the French, who were routed after the battle of Melle. Better
did the strength of Nasr, when Saxony was allied with Russia, October 7, Nasr made the mistake of sending 40,000 men to what they believed to be the Saxon army in full, while only one wing. Churrisque defeated because the few men of Frisk before it takes hold of Detmold, but the main force together with the Russian army plunged Saxon grenadine, which was surrounded in the region of Warendorf. Building on a rainy night, the soldiers of Nasr managed to open a passage to Sendehorst, but the roads were in too bad conditions and the Russians were able to close the leak when they had to pass three more divisions. After a day of fighting, the rearguard grenadine surrendered.
Granada's army folded neatly on Dortmund and the French were at Münster. The losses mainly affect the morale of the Germans, and when entire departments began to desert, it was decided to send them back to the rear.
Kutuzov could not help but take advantage of his victory. In addition to the lack of success in Friesland, November 2nd the British landed at Emden and returned a little later the Swedes in Jutland. He returned hurriedly to the north, forcing the Saxony to return on the defensive (even if he could take Detmold Churrisque when he retired).
While the Swedes with peninsula, then easily took the Holstein, General Stuart stopped to lay siege to Hamburg, which was to become the mainland port of the Royal Navy. Thanks to this block in the siege, Kutuzov could regroup and also require Hanover to provide soldiers. 30, the British were defeated and fatigue were able to re-embark, with the (few) reinforcements obtained during those months, the sergeant then defeated the Swedes and freed Lübeck, but did not achieve more results.
Kutuzov asked several times his Majesty to send him more men, but between 1809 and 1810 and ran his goals changed from Central Europe, now more or less pacified, the Carpathians and the Balkans. The sergeant had to call in Hannover Tormasov in December, receiving only 30 000 men from the motherland, with which, however, freed the Holstein.
His opponents were not better, however. The long winter rest period was necessary to France and Granada to recover. Strategic Studies began to introduce the organization corps, moreover, since it began to run low liquidity in that part of Europe, the Shadows were sent on a mission to recover the cash arresesi divisions.
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